|
|
Atypical intracranial vascular malformations: their behavior, treatment and follow-up
Voldřich, Richard ; Netuka, David (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee)
Therapy and follow-up of patients with atypical vascular malformations are not standardized. The goals of this dissertation are the comparison of relevant treatment and imaging methods, the determination of an optimal follow-up program based on the type of lesion or the character of therapy, and the documentation of the behavior of atypical malformations after incomplete closure. Long-term observation of 195 embolized dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) confirmed the high success rate of Onyx embolic material compared to other agents - complete occlusion was achieved in 88% of cases compared to 35% in the control group. A total of 93% of DAVMs treated with Onyx were closed at the last follow-up. The material also proved to be stable in the long term. Recurrence was diagnosed in 1,8% of patients. The recurrences of DAVM occur due to the accentuation of originally negligible vascular fistulas that are not visible on post-interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Prospective comparison of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and DSA concluded that patients after complete embolization of dural fistula can be safely followed using only MRA. In the case of carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs), imaging and clinical outcomes of traditional and new endovascular materials, as well as...
|
|
|
Design of radiographic arrangement.
Hrda, Tomáš ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The subject of this diploma thesis is design of X-ray apparatus for medical intention – an angiographic set which consists of a C-Arm and an angiographic table. The elaboration deals particularly with an attractive organic design, that is aimed to have a positive psychological effect, and with an innovation in construction of apparatus in order to be as various-purpose as possible, to conform to the most exacting requirements and procedures, and to advance diagnostic possibilities in the given category. In the thesis diagnostic procedures, which along with technical and ergonomical factors influence the shape and also the total set conception, are considered. This thesis does not contain a separate display system which is not a part of project.
|
|
|
Design of radiographic arrangement.
Hrda, Tomáš ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The subject of this diploma thesis is design of X-ray apparatus for medical intention – an angiographic set which consists of a C-Arm and an angiographic table. The elaboration deals particularly with an attractive organic design, that is aimed to have a positive psychological effect, and with an innovation in construction of apparatus in order to be as various-purpose as possible, to conform to the most exacting requirements and procedures, and to advance diagnostic possibilities in the given category. In the thesis diagnostic procedures, which along with technical and ergonomical factors influence the shape and also the total set conception, are considered. This thesis does not contain a separate display system which is not a part of project.
|
|
|
Examination of the urogenital system Hospital Department of Radiology Jablonec nad Nisou p.o.
MENŠÍKOVÁ, Věra
The bachelor thesis named Examination of the urogenital system Radiodiagnostics Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou c. o. deals with methods of examination of the genitourinary system and creates a list and description of each method, using at these examinations. A radiology assistant is a non medical healthcare expert who uses their theoretical and practical knowledge gained during their university study in the fields of radiodiagnostics, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. Radiology assistants are erroneously perceived both by other medical personnel and by lay public as technical workers. However, they are also medics who must be able to manipulate with highly sophisticated equipment but also provide medical care to the patients in full scale. As regards radiodiagnostics, the radiology assistants' task is to carry out the examination itself and obtain graphic documentation thereof. Radiology assistants ensure examination and handling of the equipment and they assist the doctor radiologist during more exacting intervention procedures. Radiology assistants' job is highly erudite and people working with ionising radiation must strictly abide by the laws and regulations stipulating strict rules and requirements which each radiology assistant must meet when they want to perform this activity. Radiology assistants' approach must help reduce the radiation burden of the population. It is logical, that the technological development goes hand in hand with higher examination yield and the ALARA principle is generally adhered to and applied in all examinations. If we strive to decrease the radiation dose, it is necessary to use an optimum amount of contrast agents. At the beginning of the thesis, there is a detailed description of urogenital system anatomy and physiology whose knowledge is a must when one wants to work in this field. Imaging methods described in the thesis range from the simplest ones to the most complex ones, both as regards the examination time and pursuant to specifications associated with individual examination types. The examination should be carried out from the least invasive examination procedures to the most complex ones. The methodics is based on gathering, study and subsequent analysis of the obtained data. Data from years 2009 2013 obtained at the radiodiagnostic ward of Nemocnice Jablonec nad Nisou p.o. hospital was gathered for this purpose. Investigations are divided into a number of men and women undergoing these tests. Investigative methods are compared, and evaluated that prevail, and from which they are abandoned prevail and which are being gradually abandoned. For the purpose of my thesi. The gathered data was processed into tables and synoptic graphs. Information from expert books, articles and verified Internet sources were used in the bachelor thesis. Results of my study confirmed the research question, the number of patients who undergo examinations of the urogenital system Radiodiagnostics Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou after rising. Preference tests are noninvasive and greater diagnostic yield. It is also found, however, that certain examination still have their place and are being replaced by another method. This example of hysterosalpingography. The aim of the thesis was to create an overview and description of individual radiodiagnostic methods in uropoetic system examinations and analysis of data from radio diagnostic department Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou regarding the examination of the urogenital system. The number of examinations in the radiodiagnostic ward is rising and the demands placed on a radiodiagnostic assistant are also continuously increasing from both physical and mental point of view. Radiology assistants are obliged to improve their knowledge and skills actively by means of training sessions and self study.
|
|
|
Radiographer role in non-vascular intervention procedures and their frequency at Imaging clinic of Faculty Hospital Motol in years 2008 - 2013.
BOROVCOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis focuses on non-vascular interventions, which are carried out at the Imaging clinic of Faculty Hospital Motol. The area of interest was fixed to the adult part of this clinic. The most frequently performed interventions were described and for aech of these examinations was depicted the role of radiographer (patient preparation, sterila table and instrumentation preparation) and it´s operating procedures. The other part of the thesis pays atention to statistical analysis of the frequency of individual most often led examinations. The statistical overview was done by using tables but also graphs. The examinations are devided according to their modalities based on where they were ran. This division was left for statistical part, as well. The period of time, which was trailed in this thesis makes 6 years, since 2008 to 2013. The obtained data displays the individual frequency of interventions and covers complete overview in mentioned issue.
|
|
|
CT angiography vs. ultrasound imaging of the bloodstream - efectivity, limitation and impact on patients' health.
ADAMEC, Jaroslav
The subject of the BA thesis is "CT angiography vs. ultrasound imaging of the bloodstream - efectivity, limitation and impact on patients' health". Examination of blood vessels by computed tomography - CT angiography, using modern equipment and technological development, takes over the diagnostics of vascular diseases from digital subtraction angiography primarily due to the speed of the examination and the lesser invasiveness with regard to the patient. The second method treated in this thesis is ultrasonography. Which of these imaging methods yields better diagnostic information on blood vessel pathologies? Which entails fewer risks to the patient and which is more limited? I have tried to find the answers to these questions in this BA thesis. In this thesis I set out to find which of the two imaging modalities is more suitable for examining vascular diseases. A further aim of the thesis is to introduce and compare various examination methods of computed tomography and ultrasonography. The hypothesis of the BA thesis states: "Ultrasonography is a more suitable method for the examination of the blood vessel tree - it is a method which provides good diagnostic information and at the same time entails a lower risk to the patient than does computed tomography". The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the anatomy of the blood vessel tree. It describes main blood vessels, veins, their construction and branches. This part also introduces the technological equipment which is used for the examination of the blood vessel tree - computed tomography machine, ultrasonography machine - and their historical development. The basic physical principles of these devices, their methods of imaging and general methods of the examination of the blood vessel tree are also described in this chapter. In the case of computed tomography it is CT angiography, and in ultrasonography it is Doppler examination. The chapter also briefly deals with the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and with the contrast media which are applied in connection with the examination of the vascular system. I have studied all available specialized literature and web sites related to the subject for the purpose of writing this BA thesis. Data from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics were used for the analysis of the technological equipment. Data from the information network of the R+S Benešov a.s. hospital were used for the analysis of the number of blood vessel examinations carried out by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Examination methods of the vascular system performed by computed tomography and ultrasonography have been summarized in the result. Furthermore, both modalities are compared in this chapter with regard to their utilization rate, limitations and risks. The chapter also includes an analysis of the data on the computed tomography and ultrasonography technology in the Czech Republic and on the number of blood vessel examinations carried out by computed tomography and ultrasonography. In the chapter "Discussion" I present my own opinion on the given matter. It also includes a reflection on the issue of indicating examinations on computed tomography. In the conclusion of the thesis, examination methods of the vascular system by computed tomography and ultrasonography are assessed, and established findings on the studied matter are summed up. After studying all available specialized literature I have found that it is impossible to determine which of the two imaging methods is more suitable for the examination of the blood vessel tree because each of them has its specific advantages and disadvantages. The two modalities are thus not opposed to each other in the decision making which method should be indicated; on the contrary, the two methods should be used in close collaboration. The hypothesis of the thesis therefore has not been proved.
|
|
|
Investigative CT algorithms for the early diagnosis of ischemic brain lesions
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Stroke is the second most often cause of death in the Czech Republic after heart attack. It is not to say that older people are afflicted in particular. In the last period of ten years there are more often cases of stroke and ictus for people at the age of 40. The aim of this bachelor work is processing of knowledge acquisition in summary. The main point of this work is to evaluate the asset of new software programmes of multidetector computed tomography during early diagnostic of sudden strokes. In part of Present state there are following terms described in detail. It is etiology, aethiopathogenesis, risk factors of stroke. The next part is centred on anatomy of brain vascular supply and computed tomography Nowadays, software programmes have been improved enough for early diagnostics of ischaemic brain lesion. It is caused with continual improvement of diagnostic imaging and its digitalization. In many medical fields it has been spoken about new field of imaging - digital radiography. The computed tomography represents star part in the diagnostics, scanning of non-enhanced brain is the first period of the diagnostics, this algorithm shows us if it concerns haemorrhage or non-haemorrhage centre, continuing perfusion of brain which represents chat percent of tissue is damaged forever and it is finished with diagnostic process Angiography. The following part is focused on processing of data acquisition from České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and Masaryk Municipal Hospital in Jilemnice. In these hospitals there are the numbers of patients examined CT compared. My hypotesis is confirmed and I can say that usage of new software programmes for early diagnostic of sudden strokes reduces per cent of complications during their cure.
|
|
|
Differentiations in the approach of a radiology assistent to examinations of seniors
HÁZOVÁ, Andrea
Peculiarities in the approach of radiological assistents to the examination of elderly patiens This bachelor thesis shows issues concerning the radiological worker in relation to older people. The title of the work is to specialize in radiology assistant access to seniors. I focused mainly on the need for diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients. These tests are for geriatric patients very important and beneficial in detecting and early identification accurate diagnosis. They are not demanding for the patient and burdensome. The theoretical part deals with a relatively detailed analysis of the life of the elderly in the Czech Republic, the behavior of geriatric patients and the development of his psyche. One chapter is devoted to the mystification of the dangers of digital imaging techniques and the use of contrast agents. Another part is devoted to radiation protection. It also happens that the employee is unwilling, unresponsive to patient and treats him accordingly. So I said examples of good and bad behaviour in hospitals. The old client needs special care which has become a problem for many people. The research part of the thesis has been compiling statistics on the use of diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients in private internal department. In the table are listed the initials of the patient: sex, age, primary diagnosis, type of diagnostic imaging, insurance, the cost of the method and the total price. The results obtained showed that a large proportion of the population uses the most conventional method of radiography, which is not challenging for patients. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20 th century. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20th century. This bachelor study demonstrated that awareness about patient safety, convenience and accessibility are very good.
|
|
|
Demands on radiology assistants at three-dimension visualization
ČECH, Svatopluk
Fast development of three-dimension visualization in radiology relates to more sophisticated diagnostic machines, with the development of computer technology and digitizing. Increasing demands on radiology assistants in operating programs of reconstruction images increase the importance of their position at modern radiology workplace. Three-dimension images offer exact and undistorted images of patient's anatomy, they give better diagnostic information for physicians - radiologists and more objective imagination for physicians - clinicians. They find the application in a number of examinations in skiagraphy, angiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. We can say that three-dimension visualization substitutes other examination which are invasive and represent certain complications for a patient. The question is whether some three-dimension examination can reduce radiation load of a patient. We can suppose that digital imaging methods will be part of near future and three-dimension visualization and further development of computer technique will acquire still more impact in diagnostic of many diseases.
|
|
|
Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta The subject of my work is to define frequency of individual methods of vizualization which are used to diagnostic aneurysmats abdominal aorta. The work contains also a research which enabled me to get a view of the role of radiographics at work. The questionnaire which should have found out the role of radiographics during CT and MR angiography, the instrumentaion of the individual working places and some technical parameters passed through at first. The obtained data were worked up two ways and the questionnaire was analysed. The second part of my work was to define the frequency of single methods of vizualization for a certain collection of patients. With the help of data, which were obtained from the system PACS in Nemocnice Na Homolce, the frequency of examinations with ultrasound, angiography, CT and MR angiography was defined. The definition of the radiation loading, which the patients from the collection during CT angiography were screened, followed. I also dealt with the estimate of the radiation loading of each patient during diagnostic angiography. Publications refering to this subject, the questionnaire, the data obtained from PACS and from the operation log of Nemocnice Na Homolce were the main sources to process the information. The method which is used the most frequently to diagnose aneurysmats abdominal aorta is CT angiography with the intravenous application of the contrast medium. Ultrasound is another significant method. It is clear from the questionnaire that responsibilities of radiographics are nearly the same at every working place. My work could be used as studying material for trainers.
|
guest ::
